Borrowing audio-visual items
Does 'for reference only' audio/video materials in NLB mean that I can only watch/listen to the AV material in the library? How does this apply to DVDs especially?
Yes, "For Reference Only" audio-visual (AV) items are not for lending and only for use within the library's premises. For libraries with such reference materials, viewing or listening stations are available for access to these items.
Should you have further questions on the usage of the library's reference AV items, do feel free to approach the Customer Service Counter at the library concerned. Our friendly Customer Service officers will be best placed to assist you.
If you intend to check the availability of any title before visiting our public libraries, you may do so via the online catalogue at: http://catalogue.nlb.gov.sg
We hope that the above has been useful to you. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you need further assistance.
Thank you for using the ASK! service.
Should you have further questions on the usage of the library's reference AV items, do feel free to approach the Customer Service Counter at the library concerned. Our friendly Customer Service officers will be best placed to assist you.
If you intend to check the availability of any title before visiting our public libraries, you may do so via the online catalogue at: http://catalogue.nlb.gov.sg
We hope that the above has been useful to you. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you need further assistance.
Thank you for using the ASK! service.
The chemical process of noodle-making
What is the chemical reaction when alkali is added to gluten in the process of making Chinese noodles?
I assume you are referring to the addition of alkaline salts (also known as kansui) to wheat flour, which contains gluten, in the making of yellow-alkaline noodles (or Chinese noodles). Alkaline salts are usually a mixture of sodium and potassium carbonates. "The alkaline salts toughen the dough, affect pasting properties of starch by retarding gelatinization and increasing paste velocity, inhibit enzyme activity, and suppress enzymatic darkening..."
Source: Ang, C., Liu, K.S. and Huang, Y. W. (1999). Asian foods: science & technology. (pp. 55-56). CRC Press.
A preview of this book is available on Google Books (http://books.google.com.sg) at
>>books.google.com.sg/books?id=C4cTXJYTE4QC&lpg=PP1&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q=&f=false
[2] Research has also "shown that the strength of a flour is partly dependent on the presence of electrolytes such as salts, which confer cohesion on the gluten. Dilute acids and alkalies all tend to break up the gluten into fine particles; hence electrolytes confer on glutens its mechanical properties, e.g. its power of holding water; and these elctrolytes similarly influence the water-holding power of any other colloid substances present. Some time ago, the author was able to show that ammonia-free water very readily disintegrates the gluten, but if alkaline salts are added the action is at once stopped...."
Source: Grant, J. (1917). The chemistry of breadmaking. (pp. 114). Read Books.
A preview of this book is also available on Google Books at
>>http://books.google.com.sg/books?id=8kpdpJmJNnIC&lpg=PP1&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q=&f=false
[3] Another journal article focuses on the effects of alkali on glutenin, which is the "portion of the wheat flour protein that is left after complete removal of all protein material soluble in dilute neutral salt and in 50 to 70 per cent alcohol":
"...That treating protein with alkali tends to produce certain alterations in the protein molecule is well known. Among the effects known to be possible are liberation of ammonia, destruction of cystine, splitting of arginine into ornithine and urea, and racemization...."
Source: Source: Blish, M. J. and Sandstedt, R. M. (September 14, 1929). The nature and identity of wheat guletin. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. Retrieved October 23, 2009 from http://www.jbc.org/
>>http://www.jbc.org/content/85/1/195.full.pdf
All websites were last accessed on October 24, 2009.
[4] You may also wish to refer to the following books and audio-visual materials for more information on food chemistry:
(i) Title: Let them eat flax : 70 all-new commentaries on the science of everyday food & life
Author: Schwarcz, Joseph A.
Call No.: English 540 SCH
(ii) Title: Food chemistry
Author: Newton, David E.
Call No.: YR English 664 NEW
(iii) Title: Food : the chemistry of its components
Author: Coultate, T. P. (Tom P.)
Summary: Here, Tom Coultate provides a detailed account of the chemistry of food substances. He examines not just the nature and quantities of food components, but also how they behave in storage, processing and cooking.
Call No.: (R) English 664.07 COU
(iv) Title: The chemistry of food [videorecording] / [written by Jennifer Horgan ; narrated by Rachel Lewis ; music by Brian Duell ; produced & directed by Mike Wallwork].
Summary: "This programme begins by examining the need we have for food to provide energy and materials to construct our bodies. The sources of this food and the chemicals contained in food are covered and the idea of a balanced diet is discussed. The ways in which foods are processed and the chemical changes and chemicals used in the various processes are examined."--www.avp.co.uk
Call No.: Y AV English 664.07 CHE
If you intend to check the availability of any title before visiting our public libraries, you may do so via the online catalogue at: http://catalogue.nlb.gov.sg
We hope that the above has been useful to you. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you need further assistance.
Source: Ang, C., Liu, K.S. and Huang, Y. W. (1999). Asian foods: science & technology. (pp. 55-56). CRC Press.
A preview of this book is available on Google Books (http://books.google.com.sg) at
>>books.google.com.sg/books?id=C4cTXJYTE4QC&lpg=PP1&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q=&f=false
[2] Research has also "shown that the strength of a flour is partly dependent on the presence of electrolytes such as salts, which confer cohesion on the gluten. Dilute acids and alkalies all tend to break up the gluten into fine particles; hence electrolytes confer on glutens its mechanical properties, e.g. its power of holding water; and these elctrolytes similarly influence the water-holding power of any other colloid substances present. Some time ago, the author was able to show that ammonia-free water very readily disintegrates the gluten, but if alkaline salts are added the action is at once stopped...."
Source: Grant, J. (1917). The chemistry of breadmaking. (pp. 114). Read Books.
A preview of this book is also available on Google Books at
>>http://books.google.com.sg/books?id=8kpdpJmJNnIC&lpg=PP1&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q=&f=false
[3] Another journal article focuses on the effects of alkali on glutenin, which is the "portion of the wheat flour protein that is left after complete removal of all protein material soluble in dilute neutral salt and in 50 to 70 per cent alcohol":
"...That treating protein with alkali tends to produce certain alterations in the protein molecule is well known. Among the effects known to be possible are liberation of ammonia, destruction of cystine, splitting of arginine into ornithine and urea, and racemization...."
Source: Source: Blish, M. J. and Sandstedt, R. M. (September 14, 1929). The nature and identity of wheat guletin. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. Retrieved October 23, 2009 from http://www.jbc.org/
>>http://www.jbc.org/content/85/1/195.full.pdf
All websites were last accessed on October 24, 2009.
[4] You may also wish to refer to the following books and audio-visual materials for more information on food chemistry:
(i) Title: Let them eat flax : 70 all-new commentaries on the science of everyday food & life
Author: Schwarcz, Joseph A.
Call No.: English 540 SCH
(ii) Title: Food chemistry
Author: Newton, David E.
Call No.: YR English 664 NEW
(iii) Title: Food : the chemistry of its components
Author: Coultate, T. P. (Tom P.)
Summary: Here, Tom Coultate provides a detailed account of the chemistry of food substances. He examines not just the nature and quantities of food components, but also how they behave in storage, processing and cooking.
Call No.: (R) English 664.07 COU
(iv) Title: The chemistry of food [videorecording] / [written by Jennifer Horgan ; narrated by Rachel Lewis ; music by Brian Duell ; produced & directed by Mike Wallwork].
Summary: "This programme begins by examining the need we have for food to provide energy and materials to construct our bodies. The sources of this food and the chemicals contained in food are covered and the idea of a balanced diet is discussed. The ways in which foods are processed and the chemical changes and chemicals used in the various processes are examined."--www.avp.co.uk
Call No.: Y AV English 664.07 CHE
If you intend to check the availability of any title before visiting our public libraries, you may do so via the online catalogue at: http://catalogue.nlb.gov.sg
We hope that the above has been useful to you. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you need further assistance.
A sticky situation
There are already many complaints about those sticky illegal advertisements stuck to lamp post,bus stop etc. But it seems that the authority concerned does not take enforcement action against these people.
The agency in charge of the illegal ads is the Land Transport Authority (LTA):
www.lta.gov.sg/road/road_facilities.htm
At the LTA's website, it gives information to the public on where to use the designated free advertisement space:
"If you need to put up advertisements, you can use the notice boards provided at a number of bus shelters and covered link-ways. There are currently 69 such advertisement spaces.
The advertisements posted can be of up to A4 size. They are removed on the 1st and 15th of each month during LTA's regular maintenance.
Illegal advertisements, such as unauthorised notices, displays and banners, mar our streetscape and damage public road facilities can be fined: First-time offenders can be fined up to $300 and repeat offenders can be fined up to $400. To report illegal advertisements, please click:
www.lta.gov.sg/home/index_home_contact.htm
(All websites accessed on 28 October 2009)
Some articles on the illegal advertisements extracted from the online database Factiva are given below:
1. $42,000.
By Goh Chin Lian.
531 words
27 August 2003
Straits Times
STIMES
English
(c) 2003 Singapore Press Holdings Limited
The cost of cleaning up illegal notices monthly
So LTA is putting up boards at 20 more locations for people to place ads for free
NOTICEBOARDS are going to come up at 20 more locations across the island for people to stick advertisements, such as those offering tuition services and rooms for rent.
The provision by the Land Transport Authority (LTA) will save $42,000, which is the amount it spends every month scraping off such ads, stuck illegally, on lamp-posts, bus stops and covered linkways leading to MRT stations.
'But the notices come back faster than we can remove them,' said LTA's manager of road structure and facilities management, Mrs Margarita Loh, yesterday.
These ads have become rampant in recent months, she said, as the downturn drives small-time enterprises and self-employed people to seek free ways of advertising their services. Members of the public have complained to the LTA and the press that the notices are an eyesore and damage public property.
2. Remove missing persons' posters: LTA
Khushwant Singh
552 words
28 April 2006
Straits Times
STIMES
English
(c) 2006 Singapore Press Holdings Limited
Crime Library not budging; LTA warns it could be fined THE Land Transport Authority (LTA) has ordered Crime Library
Singapore to remove the thousands of missing persons' posters that its volunteers put up at bus stops and pedestrian walkways.
However, the Crime Library said it would not be taking the posters down. When contacted on Tuesday, the charity's founder, Mr Joseph Tan, 40, said: 'They are not advertisements but are notices seeking information on missing persons.
'We are performing a public service and it would be disheartening to get our volunteers to remove the notices they so painstakingly put up.'
He stressed that the volunteers often paid for printing costs out of their own pockets and that the notices have proved to be very effective. Since last December, the posters had helped locate about 110 of the 143 missing persons reported to the Crime Library.
... In reply to queries from The Straits Times, an LTA spokesman said that the indiscriminate display of advertisements mars the streetscape and causes damage to roadside railings, bus stops, pedestrian bridges and lamp posts.
She added: 'The illegal advertisements may also obstruct passersby or distract drivers and pose a safety hazard.'
The LTA regards as an advertisement any display of any notice, sign, label or circular and any announcement or notification that is visible to the public. It suggested the Crime Library use its free noticeboards at selected bus shelters.
3. LTA can fine those putting up illegal ads.
260 words
8 November 2003
Straits Times
STIMES
English
(c) 2003 Singapore Press Holdings Limited
THE Land Transport Authority (LTA) can now fine people who put up unauthorised signs and banners on road facilities, like railings or overhead bridges.
... The LTA said those who wish to advertise can use the 74 notice boards at about 69 locations, such as linkways between bus stops and MRT stations. Usage of the space is free of charge and no licence is required. Another trial to allow banners to be displayed, also for free, on roadside railings in four locations has been well-received, said an LTA spokesman, with about 20 displayed at each location every month.
To access the Factiva database, please visit our online eresources at:
http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/browse.aspx?browse_by=A-Z
We hope that the above has been useful to you. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you need further assistance.
www.lta.gov.sg/road/road_facilities.htm
At the LTA's website, it gives information to the public on where to use the designated free advertisement space:
"If you need to put up advertisements, you can use the notice boards provided at a number of bus shelters and covered link-ways. There are currently 69 such advertisement spaces.
The advertisements posted can be of up to A4 size. They are removed on the 1st and 15th of each month during LTA's regular maintenance.
Illegal advertisements, such as unauthorised notices, displays and banners, mar our streetscape and damage public road facilities can be fined: First-time offenders can be fined up to $300 and repeat offenders can be fined up to $400. To report illegal advertisements, please click:
www.lta.gov.sg/home/index_home_contact.htm
(All websites accessed on 28 October 2009)
Some articles on the illegal advertisements extracted from the online database Factiva are given below:
1. $42,000.
By Goh Chin Lian.
531 words
27 August 2003
Straits Times
STIMES
English
(c) 2003 Singapore Press Holdings Limited
The cost of cleaning up illegal notices monthly
So LTA is putting up boards at 20 more locations for people to place ads for free
NOTICEBOARDS are going to come up at 20 more locations across the island for people to stick advertisements, such as those offering tuition services and rooms for rent.
The provision by the Land Transport Authority (LTA) will save $42,000, which is the amount it spends every month scraping off such ads, stuck illegally, on lamp-posts, bus stops and covered linkways leading to MRT stations.
'But the notices come back faster than we can remove them,' said LTA's manager of road structure and facilities management, Mrs Margarita Loh, yesterday.
These ads have become rampant in recent months, she said, as the downturn drives small-time enterprises and self-employed people to seek free ways of advertising their services. Members of the public have complained to the LTA and the press that the notices are an eyesore and damage public property.
2. Remove missing persons' posters: LTA
Khushwant Singh
552 words
28 April 2006
Straits Times
STIMES
English
(c) 2006 Singapore Press Holdings Limited
Crime Library not budging; LTA warns it could be fined THE Land Transport Authority (LTA) has ordered Crime Library
Singapore to remove the thousands of missing persons' posters that its volunteers put up at bus stops and pedestrian walkways.
However, the Crime Library said it would not be taking the posters down. When contacted on Tuesday, the charity's founder, Mr Joseph Tan, 40, said: 'They are not advertisements but are notices seeking information on missing persons.
'We are performing a public service and it would be disheartening to get our volunteers to remove the notices they so painstakingly put up.'
He stressed that the volunteers often paid for printing costs out of their own pockets and that the notices have proved to be very effective. Since last December, the posters had helped locate about 110 of the 143 missing persons reported to the Crime Library.
... In reply to queries from The Straits Times, an LTA spokesman said that the indiscriminate display of advertisements mars the streetscape and causes damage to roadside railings, bus stops, pedestrian bridges and lamp posts.
She added: 'The illegal advertisements may also obstruct passersby or distract drivers and pose a safety hazard.'
The LTA regards as an advertisement any display of any notice, sign, label or circular and any announcement or notification that is visible to the public. It suggested the Crime Library use its free noticeboards at selected bus shelters.
3. LTA can fine those putting up illegal ads.
260 words
8 November 2003
Straits Times
STIMES
English
(c) 2003 Singapore Press Holdings Limited
THE Land Transport Authority (LTA) can now fine people who put up unauthorised signs and banners on road facilities, like railings or overhead bridges.
... The LTA said those who wish to advertise can use the 74 notice boards at about 69 locations, such as linkways between bus stops and MRT stations. Usage of the space is free of charge and no licence is required. Another trial to allow banners to be displayed, also for free, on roadside railings in four locations has been well-received, said an LTA spokesman, with about 20 displayed at each location every month.
To access the Factiva database, please visit our online eresources at:
http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/browse.aspx?browse_by=A-Z
We hope that the above has been useful to you. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you need further assistance.
Stubborn stains
How to remove very stubborn stains from white PVC dinning chairs? It seems nothing works, not even Selley's 3-in-1 fabric cleaner.
A quick search yielded some suggestions on removing stains from vinyl or PVC fabrics. Different sources suggest different methods of removing stubborn stains from PVC or vinyl fabric. However, most caution, in an effort to refrain from harming the fabric as much as possible, starting out with the mildest cleaner before moving on to harsher cleaning solutions if it does not work. Please note that we have not tried out these methods and cannot comment on their effectiveness.
[1] The following news articles carry some tips on removing stains from PVC fabric. The full articles may be accessed from the Factiva e-database, via our e-resources website (http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg) at the multimedia stations in the libraries.
(i) Features: Super solutions for ridding vinyl of stubborn stains
The Advertiser, 11 April 2008
Extract: "Furniture covered with vinyl sometimes absorbs colour from clothing, which is almost impossible to remove.
The vinyl stretches when it is sat upon and body heat opens vinyl pores like the way skin does on a hot day.
By the time a stain is noticed, the vinyl has become taut and it has been ``trapped'' in it. It is therefore necessary to apply hot towels to open the vinyl and expose the stain for treatment. Try hot, soapy water before using chemical cleaners. Use pure soap, not detergent. Next try hot water and shampoo.
If none of these works, chemical cleaners can be tried. It is essential to test on a small, inconspicuous area to see how it will affect the fabric of the colour.
Some products worth trying are white denture powder dissolved in a little water, Rit Whitener and Brightener, or bleach as a last resort."
(ii) Outlook: At Home; Fashion cleaning tips, by Sirinoot Kettrachon
Bangkok Post, 17 February 2008
Extract: "...Products made of synthetic leather or PVC should be cleaned both before and after use. In case of stains or dirt, apply multi-purpose cleaner or Steklean to the surface of your leather items, leave them for a moment to dry and then wipe down stains by using a soft brush. After that clean your leather products again by using a piece of slightly damp cloth...."
[2] There are also some online resources that feature cleaning tips for vinyl upholstery:
(i) Cleaning Vinyl FAQs - DoItYourself.com
Website: DIY Home Improvement Information - DoItYourself.com
URL: http://www.doityourself.com/
Direct URL: >>www.doityourself.com/stry/vinyl
Extract; "Vinyl cleaners sold in furniture stores or auto stores help clean stubborn soil on vinyl upholstery.... A vinyl protective finish, sold at same stores, helps protect upholstery and resists or retards absorption of stains.... When solvents other than water are used to remove a stain, wash the area with detergent and water, rinse and dry....
Ballpoint pen marks may respond to alcohol. If not, cover area with a white cloth soaked in a 3% solution of hydrogen peroxide and leave from 30 minutes to overnight....
Remove substances such as oil paint, shoe heel marks, ink, tar, crayon, grease, shoe polish, ointment and cosmetics with synthetic turpentine or mineral spirits. Use hydrogen peroxide bleach treatment if necessary....
When using solvents suggested in above (turpentine or mineral spirits) use only in a well- ventilated room and avoid breathing fumes or getting on your skin. Be sure there is no flame, spark, pilot light, or cigarette in area, as they are flammable. Air out cloths used, to evaporate solvent before disposing."
(ii) According to the book, All-new hints from Heloise: a household guide for the '90s, by Heloise (page 97-98):
"...Vinyl furniture can be cleaned with a solution of warm water and mild detergent. Rub to loosen soil, rinse, dry with towel. Commercial vinyl cleaners are available and best used for greasy or stubborn stains....
The most-often-asked-about stain to remove from vinyl or leather furniture is ballpoint pen ink. Simply use a cotton swab or dip it in a little rubbing alcohol, then gently dab at the stain. After removing the ballpoint ink, wipe with a damp sponge and recondition the leather or vinyl...."
A preview of the book can be found on Google books (http://books.google.com.sg/books).
Direct link to a preview of the book: >>http://books.google.com.sg/books?id=dyfp4W-tlX4C&lpg=PP1&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q=&f=false
All websites were last accessed on October 22, 2009.
[3] You may also refer to the following books available in the public libraries for more information on removing stains:
(i) Title: Natural stain removal secrets : powerful, safe techniques for removing stubborn stains from anything
Author: Martin, Deborah L.
Call No.: English 648.1 MAR -[HOM]
(ii) Title: Stain removal / Stephanie Zia.
Author: Zia, Stephanie.
Call No.: English 648.1 ZIA -[HOM]
(iii) Title: Cleaning and stain removal for dummies
Author: Chilton, Gill.
Call No.: English 648.5 CHI -[HOM]
(iv) Title: 2,001 amazing cleaning secrets
Author: Bredenberg, Jeff.
Call No.: English q648.5 BRE -[HOM]
(v) Title: The complete idiot's guide to household solutions
Author: Moore, Melodie.
Call No.: English 643.7 MOO -[HOM]
If you intend to check the availability of any title before visiting our public libraries, you may do so via the online catalogue at: http://catalogue.nlb.gov.sg
[4] You may also wish to consider sending the vinyl cushion cover to a professional dry cleaner, such as Presto Drycleaners (http://www.prestodrycleaners.com.sg/), among others. You may like to contact them to enquire about the feasibility of removing the stain from your vinyl cushion cover.
A list of some other dry cleaners can be found here:
www.rednano.sg/sfe/allsearch.action?allsearch=true&view=dir&querystring=dry+cleaners
We hope that the above has been useful to you. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you need further assistance.
[1] The following news articles carry some tips on removing stains from PVC fabric. The full articles may be accessed from the Factiva e-database, via our e-resources website (http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg) at the multimedia stations in the libraries.
(i) Features: Super solutions for ridding vinyl of stubborn stains
The Advertiser, 11 April 2008
Extract: "Furniture covered with vinyl sometimes absorbs colour from clothing, which is almost impossible to remove.
The vinyl stretches when it is sat upon and body heat opens vinyl pores like the way skin does on a hot day.
By the time a stain is noticed, the vinyl has become taut and it has been ``trapped'' in it. It is therefore necessary to apply hot towels to open the vinyl and expose the stain for treatment. Try hot, soapy water before using chemical cleaners. Use pure soap, not detergent. Next try hot water and shampoo.
If none of these works, chemical cleaners can be tried. It is essential to test on a small, inconspicuous area to see how it will affect the fabric of the colour.
Some products worth trying are white denture powder dissolved in a little water, Rit Whitener and Brightener, or bleach as a last resort."
(ii) Outlook: At Home; Fashion cleaning tips, by Sirinoot Kettrachon
Bangkok Post, 17 February 2008
Extract: "...Products made of synthetic leather or PVC should be cleaned both before and after use. In case of stains or dirt, apply multi-purpose cleaner or Steklean to the surface of your leather items, leave them for a moment to dry and then wipe down stains by using a soft brush. After that clean your leather products again by using a piece of slightly damp cloth...."
[2] There are also some online resources that feature cleaning tips for vinyl upholstery:
(i) Cleaning Vinyl FAQs - DoItYourself.com
Website: DIY Home Improvement Information - DoItYourself.com
URL: http://www.doityourself.com/
Direct URL: >>www.doityourself.com/stry/vinyl
Extract; "Vinyl cleaners sold in furniture stores or auto stores help clean stubborn soil on vinyl upholstery.... A vinyl protective finish, sold at same stores, helps protect upholstery and resists or retards absorption of stains.... When solvents other than water are used to remove a stain, wash the area with detergent and water, rinse and dry....
Ballpoint pen marks may respond to alcohol. If not, cover area with a white cloth soaked in a 3% solution of hydrogen peroxide and leave from 30 minutes to overnight....
Remove substances such as oil paint, shoe heel marks, ink, tar, crayon, grease, shoe polish, ointment and cosmetics with synthetic turpentine or mineral spirits. Use hydrogen peroxide bleach treatment if necessary....
When using solvents suggested in above (turpentine or mineral spirits) use only in a well- ventilated room and avoid breathing fumes or getting on your skin. Be sure there is no flame, spark, pilot light, or cigarette in area, as they are flammable. Air out cloths used, to evaporate solvent before disposing."
(ii) According to the book, All-new hints from Heloise: a household guide for the '90s, by Heloise (page 97-98):
"...Vinyl furniture can be cleaned with a solution of warm water and mild detergent. Rub to loosen soil, rinse, dry with towel. Commercial vinyl cleaners are available and best used for greasy or stubborn stains....
The most-often-asked-about stain to remove from vinyl or leather furniture is ballpoint pen ink. Simply use a cotton swab or dip it in a little rubbing alcohol, then gently dab at the stain. After removing the ballpoint ink, wipe with a damp sponge and recondition the leather or vinyl...."
A preview of the book can be found on Google books (http://books.google.com.sg/books).
Direct link to a preview of the book: >>http://books.google.com.sg/books?id=dyfp4W-tlX4C&lpg=PP1&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q=&f=false
All websites were last accessed on October 22, 2009.
[3] You may also refer to the following books available in the public libraries for more information on removing stains:
(i) Title: Natural stain removal secrets : powerful, safe techniques for removing stubborn stains from anything
Author: Martin, Deborah L.
Call No.: English 648.1 MAR -[HOM]
(ii) Title: Stain removal / Stephanie Zia.
Author: Zia, Stephanie.
Call No.: English 648.1 ZIA -[HOM]
(iii) Title: Cleaning and stain removal for dummies
Author: Chilton, Gill.
Call No.: English 648.5 CHI -[HOM]
(iv) Title: 2,001 amazing cleaning secrets
Author: Bredenberg, Jeff.
Call No.: English q648.5 BRE -[HOM]
(v) Title: The complete idiot's guide to household solutions
Author: Moore, Melodie.
Call No.: English 643.7 MOO -[HOM]
If you intend to check the availability of any title before visiting our public libraries, you may do so via the online catalogue at: http://catalogue.nlb.gov.sg
[4] You may also wish to consider sending the vinyl cushion cover to a professional dry cleaner, such as Presto Drycleaners (http://www.prestodrycleaners.com.sg/), among others. You may like to contact them to enquire about the feasibility of removing the stain from your vinyl cushion cover.
A list of some other dry cleaners can be found here:
www.rednano.sg/sfe/allsearch.action?allsearch=true&view=dir&querystring=dry+cleaners
We hope that the above has been useful to you. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you need further assistance.